Roles of pharmaceutical inspection convention and co-operation scheme (PIC/S) are to improve co-operation in the field of Good Manufacturing Practices between regulatory authorities and the pharmaceutical industry. The FDA regulations and CFR are responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of all the products available in the market to ensure patient compliance. EU-GMP guidelines are needed to maintain the quality which is stricter when compared to WHO-GMP guidelines.

cGMP refers to the Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations enforced by the US FDA. cGMPs provide for systems that assure proper design, monitoring, and control of manufacturing processes and facilities. Adherence to the cGMP regulations assures the identity, strength, quality, and purity of drug products by requiring that manufacturers of medications adequately control manufacturing operations. This includes establishing strong quality management systems, obtaining appropriate quality raw materials, establishing robust operating procedures, detecting and investigating product quality deviations, and maintaining reliable testing laboratories.

The CGMP requirements were established to be flexible in order to allow each manufacturer to decide individually how to best implement the necessary controls by using scientifically design, processing methods, and testing procedures. The flexibility in these regulations allows companies to use modern technologies and innovative approaches to achieve higher quality through continual improvement. Accordingly, the "C" in CGMP stands for "current," requiring companies to use technologies and systems that are up-to-date in order to comply with the regulations. Systems and equipment that may have been "top-of-the-line" to prevent contamination, mix-ups, and errors 10 or 20 years ago may be less than adequate by today's standards.

The role of ICH in designing GCP principles is to provide an ethical treatment to the subjects who are involved in the clinical trials. Conference on GCP is important because it is an international ethical and scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects. The GLP Principles describe requirements for and provide general guidance on the conduct of all nonclinical health and environmental safety studies, including invitro studies. Pre-clinical trials assess the toxicity of a drug and examine its potential effects on the human body. These trials are conducted in-vitro which is required to proceed with clinical trials. Good laboratory practices should be followed for these pre-clinical trials.

Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria that meets the requirements of the client or customer. A major aspect of quality control is the establishment of well-defined controls. These controls help standardize both production and reactions to quality issues. The role of Quality Impact Assessment & effectiveness checks is an essential operation of the pharmaceutical industry. To Perform Quality Control process of Project Management several quality control tools and software’s are required. Quality control also plays a major role in analytical method development so it would be great to attend the quality control summit.

Quality assurance is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a product or service under development meets specified requirements. A quality assurance system is said to increase customer confidence and a company's credibility, to improve work processes and efficiency, and to enable a company to better compete with others. Quality assurance conferences aims at the need for Effective Internal and External Quality Assurance Auditing and it is required, by all active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)/bulk pharmaceutical chemical, medical device and finished pharmaceutical cGMP regulations published worldwide. Quality assurance testing is done by using software called Quality Metrics.

Validation means establishing documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes. Validation is an integral part of quality assurance; it involves the systematic study of systems, facilities and processes aimed at determining whether they perform their intended functions adequately and consistently as specified. The Major Phases of validation include Pre validation, Process Validation and Validation maintenance Phase

Traditional role of Contract manufacturing, also known as outsource manufacturing, is to produce one or more components of a final product in which a company relies on the skills of specialist manufacturers. Six Sigma is a long-term, forward-thinking initiative designed to fundamentally change the way corporations do business. It is first and foremost "a business process that enables companies to increase profits dramatically by streamlining operations, improving quality, and eliminating defects or mistakes in everything a company does. Aseptic/sterile production and injectable manufacturing processes require a significant investment in terms of expertise, equipment, process, technology and quality control

Cold chain storage is a temperature-controlled supply chain. An unbroken cold chain is an uninterrupted series of storage and distribution activities which maintain a given temperature range. It is used to help extend and ensure the shelf life of pharmaceutical drugs. Good distribution practice (GDP) deals with the guidelines for the proper distribution of medicinal products for human use. GDP is a quality warranty system, which includes requirements for purchase, receiving, storage and export of drugs intended for human consumption. Supply Chain integrity, enable qualified firms to expedite the importation of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished drug products.

Formulation development is to be done only after successful completion of pre-formulation studies. Optimization of existing formulations is required to create new products, Reduce costs, to capitalize on trends with greater profitability, novel formulations for improved delivery of existing dosage forms, to quickly recalculate formulations based on defined criteria, to create compliant products faster by using existing validated formulas. Product/Process optimization is the practice of making changes or adjustments to a process such as Conjoint Analysis, typically used in industrial process optimization.

The Quality control in typical food processing has a significant role in assuming a high quality, safe and nutritious food supply for the public, for their good health and for the economic benefits derived from trade of safe and high quality food. Quality control conference also plays a major role in food industry. Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act is a set of laws giving authority to the US-FDA to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Cleaning, disinfection and hygiene should be strictly maintained in food industry

Microbiological Assay is defined as the determination or estimation of concentration or potency of an antibiotic by means of measuring and comparing the area of zone of inhibition or turbidity produced by test substance with that of standard over a suitable microbe under standard conditions. FDA 510k Testing regulation is found in 21 CFR 807 includes information required in a 510(k). The 510(k) is not a form. Cleaning, disinfection and hygiene should be strictly maintained in Microbiology and Biotechnology.

The use of GMP software systems in regulated industries is vital throughout all aspects of the manufacturing process. Quality management software provides a flexible and configurable platform for tracking and managing quality and compliance events to ensure that manufacturing activities are continually measured, monitored and improved upon.  In addition to managing all aspects of the audit process, GMP software solution manages the associated findings or observations, corrective and preventive actions (CAPAs), risk assessments, risk management and the analysis and approvals of changes. This software also manages deviations, process validation, complaint handling, manufacturing incidents, training records and more.

Quality assurance (QA) and independent audit is critical in the pharmaceutical industry to assure reliability of the products, adherence to approved specifications, and conformation of current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) to regulation. Manufacturers must establish a quality control unit that is responsible for quality-related activities required by the regulations. Quality is determined by whether the firm complies with GMP requirements and makes scientifically justified decisions. Pharmaceutical companies are now taking a proactive stance with the new GMP Systems approach, more effective internal auditing and increased regulatory awareness throughout the company.

Excipients play an important role in formulating a dosage form. These are the ingredients which along with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients make up the dosage forms. Excipients act as protective agents, bulking agents and can also be used to improve bioavailability of drugs in some instances, Excipients affect the physicochemical characters of the active pharmaceutical ingredient which may lead to formation of molecular complexes, increase in rate of chemical degradation etc.

Testing laboratories provide vital services to their customers who expect accurate results produced at appropriate time and at reasonable cost. Adoption of the quality management system (QMS) by a laboratory would facilitate achieving these goals. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has developed an international standard, known as ISO 17025: 2005 ‘General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories’, for the accreditation of testing laboratories to a wide range of testing environments. Compliance with this quality standard requires that the laboratory shall establish and maintain a systematic way to ensure and improve its performance. Compliance with the ISO 17025 provides a unique focus for assuring implementation of the QMS and technical competence of a laboratory.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 requirements do not have the same status of “the law” in the U.S. as do requirements listed in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Because 21 CFR 210 and 211 have legal status, the U.S. Justice Department has extensive powers to ensure compliance. For example, product in the marketplace can be seized, fines can be levied, and personal liability can be assigned. So, management must understand that auditing must be taken seriously, and the requirements listed are just that – requirements. While audits are the common place in the pharmaceutical industry, the preparedness for those events varies. The companies that develop a risk-based approach to audits are able to remain competitive while meeting quality and government compliance standards on a regular basis. Conversely, the companies that have not implemented strong processes are putting themselves at risk for non-compliance. According to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, “Registered domestic drug establishments shall be inspected by the FDA at least once every two years.” Under some conditions the inspections may be even more frequent, As regulations become more stringent, regulatory authorities are likely to step up audits which is even more reason for companies to be prepared.

The quality of pharmaceuticals has been a concern of the World Health Organization (WHO) since its inception. The setting of global standards is requested in Article 2 of the WHO Constitution, which cites as one of the Organization’s functions that it should “develop, establish and promote international standards with respect to food, biological, pharmaceutical and similar products.” The supply of essential medicines of good quality was identified as one of the prerequisites for the delivery of health care at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata in 1978. Similarly, the Conference of Experts on the Rational Use of Drugs, held in Nairobi in 1985, and WHO’s Revised Drug Strategy, adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 1986, identified the effective functioning of national drug regulation and control systems as the only means to assure safety and quality of medicines.

Among the essential elements of a well-established Quality Management System (QMS), deviation handling plays a key role in assuring quality in products and by contributing to continuous improvement. Manufacturers are expected to “establish processes and define appropriate controls for measurement and analysis to identify nonconformities and potential nonconformities, defining when and how corrections, corrective actions, or preventive actions should be undertaken. These actions should be commensurate with the significance or risk of the nonconformity or potential nonconformity. GMPs have evolved as a consequence and of the inherent risks to the product during manufacturing operations in order to prevent significant deviations. More recently, Quality Risk Management (QRM) has been proposed as a strategy to manage risk in a systematic and documented manner, and has become a requirement of modern GMPs as recommended by international standards like WHO or ICH.

FDA cannot meet the goals of the Initiative alone. The success of the Initiative has been predicated on active participation and input from experts in industry, academia, government, and consumer groups. Emphasize the importance of the Initiative and look forward to many more improvements in regulatory processes for ensuring product quality. The following organizational components of FDA have been actively involved in working toward this modernization over the last four years: ORA, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Center for Drug Evaluation (CDER) and the Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), along with various offices within the Office of the Commissioner. All of these organizations continue to promote the goals and objectives of the Initiative and are dedicated to continuing to improve the regulation of pharmaceuticals in the 21st Century.

Non-prescription medicines, commonly known as over the counter or OTC medicines, are used for treatment. Sales of over the counter medicines in pharmacy and grocery outlets reached £1268 5 million in 1994 about a third of the NHS drugs bill of C3 6 billion. In the late 1980s the government fuelled the over the counter market by making it easier to reclassify certain medicines from prescription only status to allow over the counter sale in pharmacies. Although all non-prescription medicines are required to hold a product licence, few have been evaluated in formal clinical trials in the setting in which they will be used. As a result many non-prescription products sold by pharmacists have been criticised for their lack of effectiveness. There are three legal categories of medicines prescription only medicine (POM), pharmacy medicine (P), and general sales list medicine (GSL); the last can be sold from outlets including supermarkets and drugstores. The principle of a class of medicines whose sale requires the supervision of a pharmacist is not unique to the United Kingdom.

One of the critical tasks for a Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) nonclinical laboratory study or Clinical Trial team is choosing a bioanalytical laboratory vendor that will meet their study needs. A well-managed bioanalytical study with proper Sponsor oversight will go a long way to ensure the generation of accurate data and quality data. Many companies have a Research & Development Quality Unit that includes people with auditing skills in Good Clinical Practices (GCPs) and Good Laboratory Practices (GLPs). Many R&D auditors have a background in what is required to audit a bioanalytical laboratory for either Clinical trials, GLP, GLP-Like or best laboratory practices. Bioanalytical Laboratory Vendor Qualification Audits.

Clinical quality assurance audits, performed to ensure that scientific and ethical standards are met in the conduct of clinical trials, are conducted using proprietary computerized audit tools, customized to each project, so that GCP audit findings can be efficiently and consistently collected, analysed and reported. This focused systems-oriented approach to quality assurance is designed to assess and validate study conduct and documentation to ensure regulatory compliance and conformance to protocol, SOP and contractual requirements. Methodology should evaluate the activities and documentation underlying study data integrity and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) ethical and regulatory requirements.

Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria that meets the requirements of the client or customer. A major aspect of quality control is the establishment of well-defined controls. These controls help standardize both production and reactions to quality issues. The role of Quality Impact Assessment & effectiveness checks is an essential operation of the pharmaceutical industry. To Perform Quality Control process of Project Management several quality control tools and software’s are required. Quality control also plays a major role in analytical method development.